{"id":10210,"date":"2016-08-31T17:09:01","date_gmt":"2016-08-31T16:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.intercom.io\/?p=10210"},"modified":"2020-07-30T12:59:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T11:59:17","slug":"qa-what-does-a-product-manager-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/qa-what-does-a-product-manager-do\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a product manager and what do they do?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opening_paragraph\">We often get questions from readers about business, startups, product management, customer support and more. And one question that our co-founder, Des, gets frequently is: &#8220;What is a product manager and what do they do?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Des:<\/strong> There\u2019s no one definition. People have written whole books on this question, and it varies from company to company, and from stage to stage.<\/p>\n<p>If it&#8217;s at an early-stage startup and you&#8217;re the very first person managing the product, you&#8217;re doing <em>everything<\/em> that\u2019s not engineering or design work \u2013 from product management to feature tweaks to product research to QA to project management to writing up release notes. Everything it takes to get the product out the door is on your plate.<\/p>\n<p>Sidenote: A related question here is \u201cDo early stage startups even need product managers?\u201d My answer here is a firm maybe ;)\u00a0\u00a0Some companies do fine without them, but in practice it means you\u2019ll have engineers or designers doing work that isn&#8217;t engineering or design. If you continue down this path, you\u2019ll eventually have a full-time engineer spending 0% of their time on engineering, and then you have to ask yourself some questions.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-product-manager-role-shifts-over-time\">The product manager role shifts over time<\/h2>\n<p>Early-stage startups always need <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/unicorns-dont-exist-generalists-do\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">broad generalists<\/a> in most roles. For product managers this means folks as equipped to chat to would-be customers, as they are to analyze engagement metrics, create a project plan, or wireframe new features.<\/p>\n<p>As the team grows, the desire shifts from people who are Swiss Army knives, to people who are scalpels. You now need specific expertise in many areas, whether it\u2019s database design or user research.<\/p>\n<p>As the generalist product manager role gets broken up, it gets better defined. Items like QA, user research, competitive analysis, all become their own roles, and eventually their own teams. What gets left behind is the core of product management.<\/p>\n<p>Most discussion about what a PM is, or what a PM does, focuses on the internal part of the role. That\u2019s what the following two definitions answer.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-product-manager\">What is a product manager?<\/h2>\n<p>Product managers connect the user experience, the technical requirements and the business requirements together.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Martin-Eriksson-Product-Management-UX-Diagram-450x375-4.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Martin Erikkson\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mindtheproduct.com\/2011\/10\/what-exactly-is-a-product-manager\/\">classic definition<\/a> of product management<br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/center><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-does-a-product-manager-do\">What does a product manager do?<\/h2>\n<p>Product managers own the Job-to-be-Done, and must be passionate about understanding their user\u2019s problems and dispassionate about what the best solution looks like. Product managers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/finding-the-metrics-that-matter-for-your-product\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">understand their product metrics<\/a>, they plan the product roadmap, they know their product\u2019s strengths and weaknesses, and have a vision for what would truly deliver a 10x product.<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote\">Articles talking about product managers as mini-CEOs have over-glamorized the role<\/p>\n<p>But remember, those definitions only describe the internal roles, which excludes the other side of product management.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s an external-facing part too, which is looking at what&#8217;s changing in your landscape. One danger is that as companies get bigger and bigger they start to look only at themselves. You see this particularly in market leaders where they think they&#8217;re dominating the market so much that they don&#8217;t need to pay attention to the technology changes happening around them.<\/p>\n<p>For example trends like A.I., M.L., messaging, bots, V.R., A.R. etc. All of these are likely to cause tectonic shifts to certain industries and it\u2019s also a product manager\u2019s job to know if and when their product will be affected.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-reality-of-product-management\">The reality of product management<\/h2>\n<p>That\u2019s why I\u2019m always surprised that so many people want to be product managers \u2013 so much of the job is communication, research, and fighting complexity. I think articles talking about them being mini-CEOs have over-glamorized the role a little. People think product management is shit like you see in <em>A Beautiful Mind<\/em>, where they\u2019re staring into a park and writing some breakthrough thoughts on a window. Or that they possess a Steve Jobs-esque type of product intuition, where decisions come easy, and influence comes for free. None of this is true.<\/p>\n<p>If you look at how actual product managers work in any company there&#8217;s a lot more nitty gritty work. There&#8217;s a lot of spreadsheets, wireframes. Google Docs, emails, and oh-so-many Slack channels. And they all exist to research, collaborate, dictate, and document consensus on a direction the product is going. But I think if the role was titled <em>\u201cDirection and Consensus Manager\u201d<\/em> you might not get as many applicants.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>As always, we&#8217;d love to hear as many questions from you as possible. If you&#8217;d like to get involved, just sign up to our newsletter and hit reply, or <a href=\"mailto:geoffrey@intercom.com\">drop us a note<\/a>. We&#8217;ll do our very best to answer as many questions as possible.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/books\/product-management?utm_source=ii-blog&amp;utm_medium=cta&amp;utm_campaign=20180703-what-is-a-pm&amp;utm_content=image-footer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"small\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/PM-Book-CTA.png\" alt=\"Intercom on Product Management book\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We often get questions from readers about business, startups, product management, customer support and more. And one question that our co-founder, Des, gets frequently is: &#8220;What is a product manager and what do they do?&#8221; Des:&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":10211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[5],"tags":[62,455,151],"coauthors":[352],"class_list":["post-10210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-and-design","tag-product-management","tag-qa","tag-startups-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is a Product Manager? 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