{"id":11617,"date":"2017-01-24T17:09:03","date_gmt":"2017-01-24T17:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.intercom.com\/?p=11617"},"modified":"2020-07-30T12:59:10","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T11:59:10","slug":"language-in-product-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/language-in-product-design\/","title":{"rendered":"How soon is now? Discovering the many jobs of language in design"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opening_paragraph\">In a simple design, every element has to pull its own weight. A messaging app \u2014 no matter what frills it\u2019s decorated with \u2014 should be a simple design. And its simplest elements are words.<\/p>\n<p>Even the simplest design carries the weight of expectations for how it ought to work \u2014 and when its elements don\u2019t work as expected, people react. Strongly.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, the words we added to the Intercom Messenger interface generated some intense reactions to the most minute details of grammar and phrasing. As our product manager, <a href=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/author\/brian_donohue\/\">Brian<\/a>, said to me: <em>at least we know our words are being read.<br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\nGetting under the skin of those reactions and the expectations behind them has changed how we think about and write for our Messenger. And as we\u2019ve written before: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/how-words-build-a-product\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">when you change how you write for a product<\/a>, you change how the product is perceived. You change expectations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"interface-vs-conversation\">Interface vs conversation<\/h2>\n<p>Messaging apps \u2014 puppy filters aside \u2014 are usually designed for one thing: to let you talk to someone as naturally as you would if they were in the room with you.<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote\">If the internet has proven anything, it\u2019s that people feel very strongly about what they feel is &#8216;correct&#8217; grammar.<\/p>\n<p>This simplicity is core to messaging\u2019s power and popularity. That\u2019s why consumer messengers like WhatsApp spread so easily across all demographics: they were an easy leap from natural conversation, and from the native messengers everyone already had in their phones. A product like Whatsapp allows you to <em>do<\/em> more without having to <em>learn<\/em> more.<\/p>\n<p>Our own Messenger took that simplicity to B2C\u00a0conversations, so that businesses and their customers could message each other directly.<\/p>\n<p>While business messaging is still essentially the same simple platform, it has the potential to be more socially complex: that\u2019s because the participants in the conversation have specific roles, and specific jobs they need to do.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"giving-stage-directions\">Giving stage directions<\/h2>\n<p>A messaging app isn\u2019t primarily a set of screens and interactions. Underneath that, its parts are pretty much like the parts of a script: there are <strong>speaking roles<\/strong>, and <strong>stage directions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>There are two speaking roles for human beings in our Messenger:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The customer asking a question<\/li>\n<li>The team member answering the question<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There\u2019s also one non-human speaking role. It\u2019s carried out in the form of a bot.<\/p>\n<p>The other parts of the interface are <strong>the stage directions<\/strong> \u2014 messages from Intercom that appear in the flow of conversation, and in the frame of the app itself, that provide instructions and context, so the human participants know what\u2019s going on, and can act accordingly.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"small\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tom-and-Paul-convo.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Stage directions: the system lets participants know when a message has been sent, how it was sent, whether it\u2019s been seen and so on.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"talking-without-body-language\">Talking without body language<\/h2>\n<p>When you have a conversation with someone in the real world, you usually know who you\u2019re talking to. If only from body language, you have a sense of your role in the conversation and your relationship to the other participant.<\/p>\n<p>That knowledge affects what you say and how you say it. It also affects your expectations of how the other participant will reply.<\/p>\n<p>Weird things can happen when speaking roles are unclear. Just a few weeks ago, we spotted <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/spencerfry\/status\/816702942304731143\">this tweet from one of our customers<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"none\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Intercom-conversations-tweet.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here, a real human using Intercom to talk to a customer was assumed to be a bot: an example of our social expectations of a conversation evolving to keep pace with technology.<\/p>\n<p>Expectations play a big role in how any conversation evolves. And relationships evolve through conversation. If the reply we receive in a conversation with a business doesn\u2019t match our expectations of how the conversation should go, it changes how we feel about that business.<\/p>\n<p>That means one thing is critical when designing for conversations: <strong>everyone needs to understand who\u2019s speaking at all times<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"leading-by-example\">Leading by example<\/h2>\n<p>Remember our non-human speaking role? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/how-to-name-a-bot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Our \u2018bot\u2019 in Intercom<\/a> \u2014 though it\u2019s designed more like a courier than a full participant in the conversation \u2014 is meant to deliver information to the customer and carry data back to the business.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, we gave two key jobs to our bot:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>To let users know when they can expect a reply<\/li>\n<li>If they\u2019re not logged in, ask for a way to notify them when their reply arrives<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>These jobs came with two sets of expectations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>That \u2018live chat\u2019 is always immediate<\/li>\n<li>That chats in the Messenger are sent by a real person<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"how-soon-is-now\">How soon is now<\/h2>\n<p>People often have a \u2018live chat\u2019 expectation when they use messaging apps on websites and apps, by which I mean they expect a relatively immediate, call-center-like experience. But like any text message, our Messenger is designed to be asynchronous \u2014 it\u2019s not always live. The primary job is to get customers an answer, but they don\u2019t necessarily have to wait around to get it.<\/p>\n<p>So we wanted our bot to deliver a message along these lines, on behalf of the absent team or teammate:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Brian will reply soon \u2014 but you don\u2019t have to wait around.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The key word here is <strong>&#8216;soon&#8217;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>That word is polarising: we knew from user testing that people interpret it to mean either \u2018<strong>right now\u2019<\/strong> (aka &#8220;this is live chat&#8221;) or \u2018<strong>in a long time<\/strong>\u2019 (aka &#8220;I may never get a reply&#8221;). So we wanted to avoid it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content design rule #1: Don\u2019t use the word \u2018soon\u2019.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"when-trust-is-a-product-job\">When trust is a product job<\/h2>\n<p>There\u2019s a great deal of trust at play in our Messenger: trust between Intercom and the businesses that use it, and trust between them and their customers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote quote-left\">Changing the text wasn\u2019t a simple matter of brainstorming different copy.<\/p>\n<p>When we deliver messages to do a specific job, like ask for contact details, we have to speak on behalf of a business. This can have surprising complications: one of which is knowing the gender of the precise person we\u2019re speaking for: the member of the team who\u2019ll reply to a customer.<\/p>\n<p>We wanted to refer to that teammate like this: &#8220;<strong>This person\u00a0<\/strong>will reply as soon as they can&#8221;. As the bot was doing the speaking, it had to refer to this person with a pronoun: \u2018she\u2019, \u2018he\u2019 or \u2018they\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>But as we don\u2019t know the person&#8217;s gender \u2013 that\u2019s not data Intercom asks for from teammates using our product \u2013\u00a0we couldn\u2019t say \u2018he\u2019 or \u2018she\u2019. So while we didn\u2019t want to say &#8220;Brian will reply soon&#8221;, we also couldn\u2019t say: &#8220;Brian will reply as soon as he can.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In this context, these words \u2014 pronouns and adverbs \u2014\u00a0are load-bearing. They\u2019re individual words that perform a job.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The pronoun makes it clear that the message is not from that teammate, but from a bot speaking on their behalf.<\/li>\n<li>The adverb manages that time expectation, as best a single word or phrase can do.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We were constrained on both counts.<\/p>\n<p>Now, <strong>the singular pronoun \u2018they\u2019 was 2015\u2019s word of the year<\/strong> \u2014 so it was technically correct to use it. So we released a fix with &#8220;Brian will reply as soon as they can&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>But if the internet has proven anything, it\u2019s that people feel very strongly about what they feel is \u2018correct\u2019 grammar. Businesses felt it was incorrect to use a gender neutral singular \u2018they\u2019, and it didn\u2019t always translate well into other languages.<\/p>\n<p>That meant we\u2019d failed in our primary job of communicating on each business\u2019s behalf in a way that felt right to those businesses.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"one-job-at-a-time-one-word-at-a-time\">One job at a time, one word at a time<\/h2>\n<p>Changing the text wasn\u2019t a simple matter of brainstorming different copy. We had to rethink our priorities, and reconsider the jobs we were trying to get this bot to perform.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s what we shipped: &#8220;Don\u2019t miss Brian\u2019s reply: Get notified by email.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We realised we had to set one job \u2014 setting reply expectations \u2014 aside, and focus on <strong>motivating customers to leave their contact details<\/strong>. That was the primary job, and trying to get one message to do two jobs had failed.<\/p>\n<p>It took a lot of work to get to those 8 simple words: getting to the right phrasing for a specific job means having absolute clarity about what you want to communicate, and getting rid of anything that competes with that job.<\/p>\n<p>By switching our focus to the job that meant a customer would have a better chance of getting their answer, we could communicate more clearly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content design rule #2: Be careful your sentences don\u2019t shoulder too large a burden: one job per sentence is enough.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"getting-closer-to-simple\">Getting closer to simple<\/h2>\n<p>Everything we&#8217;ve learned about our Messenger this year has shown that\u00a0<strong>tiny changes have a big impact<\/strong>. Every word we change and every new approach\u00a0we take\u00a0to a particular problem has a monumental effect disproportionate to its size.\u00a0\u00a0<strong>A messenger is a human space<\/strong>, and our customers respond to it as such \u2014 with a strong sense of ownership and of what feels right.<\/p>\n<p>So we take care over these elements; we sweat the details down to every pronoun. With every\u00a0detail, we\u00a0push our Messenger design forward, and\u00a0see how much weight a simple design can really carry. Turns out: a lot. If you get the balance right.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a simple design, every element has to pull its own weight. A messaging app \u2014 no matter what frills it\u2019s decorated with \u2014 should be a simple design. And its simplest elements are words. Even&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":169,"featured_media":11621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[5],"tags":[170,10721,153,187],"coauthors":[360],"class_list":["post-11617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-and-design","tag-content","tag-content-design","tag-product-design","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How soon is now? Discovering the many jobs of language in design<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Language plays a powerful role in product design, and nowhere more so than in messaging apps \u2013 every word has to pull its weight. 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