{"id":13446,"date":"2017-09-12T17:29:52","date_gmt":"2017-09-12T16:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.intercom.com\/?p=13446"},"modified":"2020-07-30T12:57:50","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T11:57:50","slug":"breaking-the-curse-of-knowledge-in-your-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/breaking-the-curse-of-knowledge-in-your-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Breaking the curse of knowledge in your writing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opening_paragraph\">Many writers and editors I know spend much of their day working with \u201csubject matter experts.\u201d In tech, they\u2019re the designers, engineers and product managers.<\/p>\n<p>They may not be professional writers, but they\u2019re the exact right people to share their work. A blog post analyzing patterns in data is more meaningful coming from a data scientist with an intimate knowledge of the process. A post about an app is more interesting coming from the person who made it.<\/p>\n<p>The challenge is helping these practitioners write about their work in as clear a way as possible. Knowledge can give you the lens of a microscope and can lead you to some dangerous assumptions about what a reader does and doesn\u2019t know.<\/p>\n<p>This is what\u2019s called \u201cthe curse of knowledge,\u201d and it is of particular importance to writers. The more familiar you are with something, the harder it is to put yourself in the shoes of someone who\u2019s not familiar with that thing. It simply doesn&#8217;t occur to many writers that readers don&#8217;t know what they know \u2013 that they haven\u2019t mastered the subtleties of a topic learned over years of professional experience.<\/p>\n<p>Just ask Elon Musk, who banned all acronyms and technical jargon from communication inside Space X.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-conversation=\"none\" data-lang=\"en\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/elonmusk\">@elonmusk<\/a> on the spread of unnecessary acronyms inside SpaceX <a href=\"http:\/\/t.co\/C9H7OdKVlb\">pic.twitter.com\/C9H7OdKVlb<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 John Collison (@collision) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/collision\/status\/602950284864692224\">May 25, 2015<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Reversing the curse of knowledge isn\u2019t as simple as unringing a bell. An engineer might have decades of daily immersion in shipping code. It\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/learn-unlearn-relearn-changing-face-engineering-career\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">very difficult to unlearn<\/a> what you already know. But there are a number of ways to beat the curse of knowledge in your writing.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"assume-the-reader-knows-a-fair-bit-less-than-you\">Assume the reader knows a <em>fair bit<\/em> less than you<\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019re writing for a medical journal, it\u2019s fair to assume a reasonable amount of specialization among your readership. But if you\u2019re writing articles about say, product management, you will only be able to guess at your audience\u2019s familiarity with the subject matter. Some will have read <em>The Innovator\u2019s Dilemma<\/em> cover to cover, others will be in the first week of their MBA. The curse of knowledge means we\u2019re more likely to overestimate our reader\u2019s knowledge of our particular area of expertise rather than to underestimate it. \u201cOh, <em>of course<\/em> the reader knows the inner workings of agile methodologies.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"small\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Inline01-2.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>The more knowledge a writer has, the less accurate their assumptions will be.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why it\u2019s wiser to assume too little than too much as you write. Assume too much and you\u2019ll be that guy at the party with the inside jokes who nobody wants to sit beside.<\/p>\n<p>At the risk of sounding like Goldilocks, remember that it\u2019s still possible to over-explain too. Assume the reader knows nothing. But don\u2019t assume the reader is stupid.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"get-a-second-opinion\">Get a second opinion<\/h2>\n<p>The traditional way of writing is similar to the old Microsoft model of developing software: you write in isolation and then release it as a fully-formed product. Of course, this means that it\u2019s never been tested in the real world. You don\u2019t know what makes sense to your readers and what doesn&#8217;t.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, we don\u2019t all live in world where we can afford a focus groups of readers before we hit publish. But you can ask a colleague, a friend or, even better, a family member, to read over what you\u2019ve just written. They\u2019ll likely have the necessary distance required to tell you that they don\u2019t really understand what you\u2019re saying.<\/p>\n<p>That doesn\u2019t mean you should take every last suggestion \u2013 great writing rarely happens by committee. But do take it seriously when someone tells you certain sections are too inward looking or confusing.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"use-analogies\">Use analogies<\/h2>\n<p>Two screenwriters once walked into a Hollywood producer&#8217;s office and said three words: \u201cJaws in space.\u201d Dozens of startups were funded on the simple pitch: \u201cUber for X.\u201d Both work on the power of analogy. They make it possible for readers to understand a complicated concept by invoking concepts people already know. When you\u2019re trying to explain something that you think the reader might struggle with, try to use an analogy that puts tangible, everyday objects in its place.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Sending product announcements without considering your audience is like writing a love letter and then addressing it \u201cto whom it may concern\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">vs<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Organizations that produce high-value transactional output (HVTO) should deliver personalized messages targeted at individual customers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Again, a word of caution. Analogies are like forklift trucks. When used correctly they do a lot of heavy lifting, but if you don&#8217;t know what you&#8217;re doing you&#8217;ll likely cause some major damage.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"get-some-distance-from-your-first-draft\">Get some distance from your first draft<\/h2>\n<p>I remember reading a fantastic piece of advice from Stephen King on his approach to writing. Like dough between kneadings, you should let your writing rest in until you have sufficient distance to see it objectively. Simply putting your writing aside for a while gives you the perspective required to spot any glaring holes in what you\u2019ve just written.<\/p>\n<p>Becoming your own intended, dispassionate audience is key to overcoming the curse of knowledge, and can also be helped by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Printing out your writing<\/strong>. An &#8220;outsider&#8221; perspective comes easily by seeing your writing in a form other than the one you wrote it in. When you edit and revise on paper, awkward or unclear phrasing will jump out at you much more, and your eyes won\u2019t be tempted to skim the page as quickly as they will on the screen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reading it aloud<\/strong>. Reading out loud helps you write in a way that reflects your speech patterns and generally makes you sound more human. As you read aloud, pretend you&#8217;re talking to a real person and ask yourself &#8220;Would I say this to someone in real life?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Ultimately, the antidote to the curse of knowledge is to remember and obey the golden rule of clear writing: speak your reader\u2019s language. You don&#8217;t need complex sentences to express complex ideas, so don&#8217;t hide your valuable expertise behind nouns, buzzwords, and other garbage.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intercom.com\/blog\/books\/customer-engagement\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"small\" src=\"https:\/\/intercom.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Call-to-action-ad-for-blog-posts@2x.png\" alt=\"customer engagement\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many writers and editors I know spend much of their day working with \u201csubject matter experts.\u201d In tech, they\u2019re the designers, engineers and product managers. They may not be professional writers, but they\u2019re the exact right&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":13447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[12897],"tags":[170,577,187],"coauthors":[352],"class_list":["post-13446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marketing","tag-content","tag-editing","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Breaking the curse of knowledge in your writing - The Intercom Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The curse of knowledge - assuming the reader knows more than they do - is one of the greatest writing pitfalls. 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