Understanding direct and indirect competition

Sometimes your customers really want to use your feature or product, but they also want something else that simply isn’t compatible with it. People really want to be slim and healthy, but they also really want soft drinks and fast food.

McDonalds and Weight Watchers are selling wildly different products, but they’re competing for the same customers. This is what we call indirect competition.

Your direct competitors are targeting the same job-to-be-done with the same solution as you. If you want a burger, McDonald’s and Burger King will both satisfy that job with the same outcome.

Unlike indirect competitors, secondary competitors compete on outcomes. For example, video conferencing and business class flights compete on outcomes as they’re both hired for the same job – business meetings – but solve the problem in a different way.

In indirect competition, there are two different jobs a customer wants to do, but the jobs themselves are competing with each other. Software products experience these types of conflicts all the time:

• “I want to allow payments in my product, but I want to minimize the amount of third-party integrations we rely on.”
• “I want to add this analytics tool, but I also want to optimize response times.”
• “I want to know how my team spend their time, but also to show we’re a trusting work environment.”

It might go against logic, but humans are perfectly okay with maintaining multiple conflicting opinions and desires. We want to have our cake, and eat it too.

There are two conflicting forces here. The attractiveness of the outcome of your product vs the other product. Your marketing should work to make the alternative outcome less attractive, or reposition your product so the outcome is no longer in conflict. If you’re wondering how to achieve this, check out our article on marketing using jobs-to-be-done.

Manage your indirect competition

A customer of Intercom was perplexed. Hundreds of companies had signed up for his A/B testing product, but very few had taken the plunge beyond a trivial test. All the customers really wanted to use the product, knew how to use it, and understood the value. He used Intercom to message these users and identify what was going wrong.

The point is customers don’t experience your product in a vacuum.

The problem? As much they loved the idea of A/B testing their app, they also loved clean, legible and maintainable code. They didn’t like adding JavaScript into their application to create meaningful tests, so they didn’t use the product.

To address these concerns, he added a message schedule downplaying the importance of clean code and up-selling his product. He sent the following message to non-users on day three: “If no one is using your product, who cares how clean your code is?” On day seven, he sent another well-timed message: “This morning your team can add more code, or add more customers. Which do you want?””

These messages were effective. Many resulted in installs. Some resulted in technical debates. But most importantly all of them produced extra insights into their business, which is what you need when you’re starting out.

Know your real competitors

Jonathan Klein, the former president of CNN, once identified his network’s indirect competition this way: “I’m more worried about the billion or so people on Facebook every day versus the 2 million people watching Fox News.”

The point is customers don’t experience your product in a vacuum. They experience it alongside every other product, service and idea fighting for their attention. Some of these will compete with your brand and some will contradict it. Understanding all these forces helps you counter them with your marketing efforts.

For more advice on how you should be thinking about business, growth and innovation, download our book Intercom on Jobs-to-be-Done: